In the aftermath of Arab defeat in the 1967 Six Day War, Palestinian guerrilla factions consolidated their grip on the refugee camps in the Arab world. In 1969, Fatah leader Yasser Arafat was elected chairman of the PLO, marking a new era in which the guerrillas overthrew the traditional hold of more established Palestinian families. In Jordan, armed Palestinians had set up a state within a state, but Jordan's King Hussein's patience with the Palestinians was wearing thin. The Jordanian army was deployed to the streets and vicious street battles soon erupted between Jordanian soldiers and Palestinian guerrillas.