The effectiveness of its artillery arm was one of the dominating features of the German Army on the battlefields of the Western Front in the First World War. Indeed, a specific requirement of the Treaty of Versailles was that the new Reichswehr be denied heavy artillery. The expertise and technology that had made the artillery arm so effective in that conflict were never lost. So that when re-armament began in Germany 1933, following the Nazi accession to power, the ground was already laid for the rapid expansion of artillery of all types for the new Wehrmacht. While never acquiring the glamour of Panzer arm, the guns of the Wehrmacht were nevertheless instrumental in serving the German Armed Forces in victory and defeat through to 1945.