Samuel warns the Israelites about their practice of idolatry and tells them to turn to God to help them in their battle against the Philistines ( the Israelites' most bitter and hated enemies). After their obedience to Samuel, the Israelites defeated the Philistines. Also, he selects Saul and anoints him to become the first King of Israel after the people asked Samuel for a king. Then, King Saul leads the Israelites after their war against the Philistines begins once again.